Single Nucleotide Polymorphism or SNP

         Single nucleotide polymorphism is change in or mutation in single base pair in a DNA that is deoxyribose nucleic acid. DNA is genetic material which is responsible for heredity and variation in living organism. When DNA is getting replicated some times error occurs. This error results in variation in between two strands of DNA in their composition that is purine replaces by purine or pyrimidine by pyrimidine or vice versa. 

               This change in single nucleotide in DNA is called as single nucleotide polymorphism. This snp change occurs in prokaryotic Or eukaryotic cell and is occurred by slippage in polymerase enzyme when it replicates DNA. 

                  This single nucleotide polymorphism results in variation in organism from their parent. As DNA codes rna and RNA codes for protein. When snp forms if it is codes for stop codon results in partial formation of protein. As this partial protein has distirted structure it loses its enzymatic, structural or functional activity results in metabolic problem. This is what mutation is all about. 

                   Some times this mutation results in mis sense, non sense or point mutation. This all is what creates heredity and variation in living beings from their parents. This SNP is very accurate and can be detected by two methods. First is RT PCR OR snp genotyper. 

                    RT PCR is more costly but more efficient while SNP genotyping is less costly but results are not seen before reading in genotyper. 

                    This technology is now a days used for QC and R and D based identification of plants that they are of desired trait or not. It has higher accuracy. 

This Snp is used in disease resistant plant identification or salt and drought tolerant plant identification. Trait based plant selection. And has tremendous future as is futuristic technology.