Mendelian genetics

Mendelian genetics             

      A branch of biolog which deals wih study of heredity and variation is known as Genetics.Gregor Johann Mendel is said to be father of Genetics as he worked very hard and postulated Mendels laws He was a Austrian monk whose father has small farm where he worked on Pea (Botanical name - Pisum sativum L).

                  The Pea has seven contrasting characters or opposite characterswhich are

1) Seed form- wrinkled X rugosus

2) Cotyledon colour - yellow X Green

3) Seed coat colour - Grey X white

4) Pod form - inflated X constricted

5) Flower position - Axial X terminal

6) Stem length - Tall X Dwarf

7) Pod colour  - Green X Yellow

                Upon studing he discovered that plant follows some pattern while expressing character from parent to offspring and formulated three laws

1) Law of dominance 

2) Law of segregation 

3) Law of Independent assortment 

                 His selection of pea plant and his focus on single contrasting character which is also known as monohydrid cross allowed him such a success,

1) LAW OF DOMINANCE:-

In a crossing between pure organism (homozygous) for contrastin characters of a pair , only one character of the pair appears in the first fillial generation

                 In a cross between two pure homozygous characterone character expresses itself in the presence of other character termed as Dominant character while the character which fails to express is termed as recessive character



2) LAW OF SEGREGATION:-

In a heterozygous condition two contrasting characters are present. But after a long time remaining together this characters does not contaminate each other and at a time of gamate formation comes as pure characters . To this phenomenon he called as Law of segregation.



3) LAW OF INDEPENDENT ASSORTMENT:-

While postulating third law mendel took pair of two contrasting characters and tried to find how plant will behave while having two contrasting characters and termed third law of independent assortment while cross is called as dihybrid cross.

                 And stated that when parents differ from each other in two or more pair of contrasting characters or factors then inheritance of factors is independent to that of other pair of factors.

                 This formed the base of modern plant and animal breeding methods. mendel took us far in future as his work was very useful.


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