Carbohydrates

DNA replication

 Carbohydrates

              As name suggests carbohydrates are molecules which contain carbon, hydrogen and oxygen in their structure. Carbohydrates are defined as polyhydroxyaldehydes Or poly hydroxy ketones. That is this are poly  hydroxy   aldehydes Or ketone group containing molecules. Carbohydrates are classified as 
1) monosaccharides
2) oligosaccharides
3) polysaccharides

Monosaccharides are simple sugars. Based on number of carbon atoms they contain are classified as diose, triose, tetrose, pentose and hexose and lastly heptose. They contain 2,3,4,5,6,7 carbon atoms in their structures respectively. Example of monosaccharides are glucose, fructose. 
Oligosaccharides are sugars which on hydrolysis gives 2-10 units of sugar which are monosaccharides. Further based on number of sugar molecules it gives on hydrolysis is classified as diasaccharides, trisaccharides and further. 

Polysaccharides are polymers of monosaccharides which contain more than 10 monosaccharides in their structure. They are straight chain like glycogen or branched chains like cellulose. Human beings contain glycogen as polymer of glucose to store energy. This glycogen is also called as animal starch. This was introduction to carbohydrates we will se their chemical structure and properties in next article. 

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